什么是服务器？一直开着、性能更强、专门用来存储数据或运行服务，并通过网络响应其他电脑（客户端）请求的计算机（有 CPU、内存、硬盘和操作系统）。
连接服务器
命令行ssh连接 ssh 用户名@IP_address，根据指令输入密码（密码输入是不可见的），回车，完成。
命令行利用scp命令从服务器下载文件 scp -r ironman@10.233.177.202:home/ironman/xxx/ /home/myname/xxx/
终端软件
FileZilla【文件 - 站点管理器】
查看Linux 服务器配置 基础信息 查看操作系统版本
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 shaojunjie@a100:~$ cat /etc/os-release NAME="Ubuntu" VERSION="16.04.7 LTS (Xenial Xerus)" ID=ubuntu ID_LIKE=debian PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 16.04.7 LTS" VERSION_ID="16.04" HOME_URL="http://www.ubuntu.com/" SUPPORT_URL="http://help.ubuntu.com/" BUG_REPORT_URL="http://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/" VERSION_CODENAME=xenial UBUNTU_CODENAME=xenial
查看Linux系统的内核版本与架构信息
1 2 shaojunjie@a100:~$ uname -a Linux a100 4.15.0-142-generic
查看主机名
1 2 shaojunjie@a100:~$ hostname a100
CPU 查看 CPU 型号、核心数、线程数
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 (dif) shaojunjie@a100:/home/data4/shaojunjie/diffusers$ lscpu Architecture: x86_64 CPU 运行模式： 32-bit, 64-bit Byte Order: Little Endian CPU(s): 128 On-line CPU(s) list: 0-127 每个核的线程数：2 每个座的核数： 32 Socket(s): 2 NUMA 节点： 2 厂商 ID： GenuineIntel CPU 系列： 6 型号： 106 Model name: Intel(R) Xeon(R) Platinum 8358 CPU @ 2.60GHz 步进： 6 CPU MHz： 800.000 CPU max MHz: 3400.0000 CPU min MHz: 800.0000 BogoMIPS: 5201.89 虚拟化： VT-x L1d 缓存： 48K L1i 缓存： 32K L2 缓存： 1280K L3 缓存： 49152K NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0-31,64-95 NUMA node1 CPU(s): 32-63,96-127 Flags: fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc art arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc cpuid aperfmperf pni pclmulqdq dtes64 ds_cpl vmx smx est tm2 ssse3 sdbg fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid dca sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch cpuid_fault epb cat_l3 invpcid_single ssbd mba ibrs ibpb stibp ibrs_enhanced tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid cqm rdt_a avx512f avx512dq rdseed adx smap avx512ifma clflushopt clwb intel_pt avx512cd sha_ni avx512bw avx512vl xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 xsaves cqm_llc cqm_occup_llc cqm_mbm_total cqm_mbm_local dtherm ida arat pln pts avx512vbmi umip pku ospke avx512_vbmi2 gfni vaes vpclmulqdq avx512_vnni avx512_bitalg tme avx512_vpopcntdq la57 rdpid md_clear pconfig flush_l1d arch_capabilities
内存（RAM) 查看内存总量和使用情况
1 2 3 4 (dif) shaojunjie@a100:/home/data4/shaojunjie/diffusers$ free -h total used free shared buff/cache available Mem: 1.0T 8.4G 77G 21G 921G 970G Swap: 976M 301M 675M
硬盘/存储 查看磁盘分区和使用情况
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 (dif) shaojunjie@a100:/home/data4/shaojunjie/diffusers$ df -h 文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点 udev 504G 0 504G 0% /dev tmpfs 101G 436M 101G 1% /run /dev/sda2 439G 402G 15G 97% / tmpfs 504G 22G 483G 5% /dev/shm tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock tmpfs 504G 0 504G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sdc 2.2T 1.7T 394G 82% /home/data3d /dev/sdd 11T 8.9T 1.1T 90% /home/data4 /dev/sdb1 2.2T 1.9T 193G 91% /home/disk_data/demo /dev/sda1 511M 3.7M 508M 1% /boot/efi tmpfs 101G 24K 101G 1% /run/user/108 tmpfs 101G 8.0K 101G 1% /run/user/1018 tmpfs 101G 0 101G 0% /run/user/1016 //10.114.93.218/ALG_MV2DAI_TEMP/定位类/loc_and_det 523T 386T 137T 74% /mnt/loc_and_det tmpfs 101G 0 101G 0% /run/user/1020 tmpfs 101G 0 101G 0% /run/user/1011
查看物理磁盘（硬盘型号）
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 shaojunjie@a100:~$ lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sdd 8:48 0 10.5T 0 disk /home/data4 sdb 8:16 0 2.2T 0 disk └─sdb1 8:17 0 2.2T 0 part /home/disk_data/demo sdc 8:32 0 2.2T 0 disk /home/data3d sda 8:0 0 446.6G 0 disk ├─sda2 8:2 0 445.2G 0 part / ├─sda3 8:3 0 977M 0 part [SWAP] └─sda1 8:1 0 512M 0 part /boot/efi
查看内存虚拟盘
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 shaojunjie@a100:~$ df -h | grep tmpfs tmpfs 101G 444M 101G 1% /run tmpfs 504G 22G 483G 5% /dev/shm tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock tmpfs 504G 0 504G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup tmpfs 101G 24K 101G 1% /run/user/108 tmpfs 101G 8.0K 101G 1% /run/user/1018 tmpfs 101G 0 101G 0% /run/user/1016 tmpfs 101G 0 101G 0% /run/user/1020 tmpfs 101G 0 101G 0% /run/user/1011
挂载点(这个设备在 Linux 文件树中的“入口地址” )
设备(物理/虚拟存储硬件的“身份证” )
容量
已用
可用
类型
读写速度
用途建议
//dev/sda2439G
402G (97% )
15G
系统盘（推测 SATA SSD） ~500 MB/s
❌ 严重警告！系统盘快满了
/home/data4/dev/sdd11 TB 8.9T (90%)
1.1T
大容量数据盘（推测 HDD RAID） ~200 MB/s
✅ 主数据集/模型仓库
/home/data3d/dev/sdc2.2T
1.7T (82%)
394G
中速数据盘（SSD/HDD）
~500 MB/s
✅ 次常用数据
/home/disk_data/demo/dev/sdb12.2T
1.9T (91%)
193G
同上
~500 MB/s
⚠️ 几乎满
/mnt/loc_and_det//10.114...523 TB 386T (74%)
137T
网络存储（SMB/NFS） ~50–100 MB/s
✅ 冷数据/共享数据集
/dev/shmtmpfs504G
22G (5%)
483G
内存虚拟盘 ~50+ GB/s ✅ 临时加速（关键！）
GPU & CUDA 是否有 NVIDIA GPU？
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 (dif) shaojunjie@a100:/home/data4/shaojunjie/diffusers$ lspci | grep -i nvidia 10:00.0 3D controller: NVIDIA Corporation Device 20b2 (rev a1) 16:00.0 3D controller: NVIDIA Corporation Device 20b2 (rev a1) 49:00.0 3D controller: NVIDIA Corporation Device 20b2 (rev a1) 4d:00.0 3D controller: NVIDIA Corporation Device 20b2 (rev a1) 54:00.0 Bridge: NVIDIA Corporation Device 1af1 (rev a1) 55:00.0 Bridge: NVIDIA Corporation Device 1af1 (rev a1) 56:00.0 Bridge: NVIDIA Corporation Device 1af1 (rev a1) 57:00.0 Bridge: NVIDIA Corporation Device 1af1 (rev a1) 58:00.0 Bridge: NVIDIA Corporation Device 1af1 (rev a1) 59:00.0 Bridge: NVIDIA Corporation Device 1af1 (rev a1) 8a:00.0 3D controller: NVIDIA Corporation Device 20b2 (rev a1) 8f:00.0 3D controller: NVIDIA Corporation Device 20b2 (rev a1) c6:00.0 3D controller: NVIDIA Corporation Device 20b2 (rev a1)
GPU 详细型号 + 驱动版本
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 shaojunjie@a100:~$ nvidia-smi Tue Dec 23 00:05:01 2025 +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | NVIDIA-SMI 525.125.06 Driver Version: 525.125.06 CUDA Version: 12.0 | |-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+ | GPU Name Persistence-M| Bus-Id Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC | | Fan Temp Perf Pwr:Usage/Cap| Memory-Usage | GPU-Util Compute M. | | | | MIG M. | |===============================+======================+======================| | 0 NVIDIA A100-SXM... Off | 00000000:10:00.0 Off | 0 | | N/A 66C P0 413W / 400W | 61712MiB / 81920MiB | 100% Default | | | | Disabled | +-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+ | 1 NVIDIA A100-SXM... Off | 00000000:16:00.0 Off | 0 | | N/A 34C P0 64W / 400W | 2MiB / 81920MiB | 0% Default | | | | Disabled | +-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+ | 2 NVIDIA A100-SXM... Off | 00000000:49:00.0 Off | 0 | | N/A 34C P0 62W / 400W | 2MiB / 81920MiB | 0% Default | | | | Disabled | +-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+ | 3 NVIDIA A100-SXM... Off | 00000000:4D:00.0 Off | 0 | | N/A 33C P0 61W / 400W | 2MiB / 81920MiB | 0% Default | | | | Disabled | +-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+ | 4 NVIDIA A100-SXM... Off | 00000000:8A:00.0 Off | 0 | | N/A 33C P0 63W / 400W | 2MiB / 81920MiB | 0% Default | | | | Disabled | +-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+ | 5 NVIDIA A100-SXM... Off | 00000000:8F:00.0 Off | 0 | | N/A 33C P0 64W / 400W | 2MiB / 81920MiB | 0% Default | | | | Disabled | +-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+ | 6 NVIDIA A100-SXM... Off | 00000000:C6:00.0 Off | 0 | | N/A 33C P0 62W / 400W | 2MiB / 81920MiB | 0% Default | | | | Disabled | +-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+ +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Processes: | | GPU GI CI PID Type Process name GPU Memory | | ID ID Usage | |=============================================================================| | 0 N/A N/A 16191 C python 61710MiB | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 2 3 4 # 查看 nvcc（CUDA 编译器）版本 → 说明安装了 CUDA Toolkit nvcc --version 没有
